Tag: WAEC syllabus 2026

The WAEC Biology syllabus 2026 is your roadmap to success. Every single question WAEC sets in the Biology exam comes directly from this syllabus. If you study without it, you're navigating without a map. Many students waste time reading topics that won't appear in the exam, or worse, they skip topics that appear every year. This guide breaks down the entire WAEC Biology syllabus for 2026, explains the exam structure, and gives you a study plan to cover everything before your exam. WAEC Biology 2026 Exam Structure The WAEC Biology examination consists of three papers: Paper 1: Objective Test DetailInformationNumber of Questions50 multiple-choice questionsTotal Marks50 marksDuration50 minutesCoverageSection A topics (common to all candidates) Tips: You have exactly 1 minute per question. Don't spend too long on difficult questions — mark them and come back. Paper 2: Essay/Theory DetailInformationNumber of Questions6 questions (answer 4)Total Marks80 marksDuration2 hoursSection AAnswer 2 questions (20 marks each)Section C (Nigeria)Answer all questions (30 marks each) Tips: Plan your answer for 5 minutes before writing. Use diagrams wherever possible — they carry significant marks. Paper 3: Practical DetailInformationTotal Marks80 marksDuration2 hoursWhat It TestsSpecimen identification, drawing, food tests, experiments Tips: Practice drawing biological specimens neatly. Always label with straight horizontal lines. Total marks for WAEC Biology: 210 marks Complete WAEC Biology Syllabus 2026 — All Topics The WAEC Biology syllabus is divided into five broad sections. Below is every topic you need to study: SECTION 1: Organization of Life A. Living Organisms Characteristics of living things (MR. NIGER D — Movement, Respiration, Nutrition, Irritability, Growth, Excretion, Reproduction, Death) Differences between plants and animals Levels of organization: Cell → Tissue → Organ → System → Organism B. Cell Biology Cell structure (plant and animal cells) Functions of cell organelles Cell theory Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Cell membrane and its properties Osmosis, diffusion, active transport, and plasmolysis C. Cell Division Mitosis — stages and significance Meiosis — stages and significance Differences between mitosis and meiosis D. Classification of Organisms Need for classification Binomial nomenclature Five/Six kingdom classification Characteristics of each kingdom (Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia) Classification of plants (Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms) Classification of animals (from Protozoa to Mammalia) Differences between monocots and dicots Viruses — structure and characteristics SECTION 2: Organisms and Their Environment A. Ecology Components of an ecosystem (biotic and abiotic factors) Habitats (aquatic, terrestrial, arboreal) Population studies (population size, density, growth) Ecological instruments and their uses B. Feeding Relationships Food chains and food webs Trophic levels (producers, consumers, decomposers) Energy flow in ecosystems Ecological pyramids (pyramid of numbers, biomass, energy) C. Symbiotic Relationships Parasitism, mutualism, commensalism Examples of each relationship Effects on organisms involved D. Nutrient Cycling Carbon cycle Nitrogen cycle Water cycle Importance of each cycle E. Pollution Types of pollution (air, water, land, noise) Causes, effects, and prevention Greenhouse effect and ozone depletion F. Conservation Importance of conserving natural resources Methods of conservation Game reserves and national parks in Nigeria Endangered species SECTION 3: Continuity of Life A. Reproduction Types of reproduction (sexual and asexual) Asexual reproduction methods (binary fission, budding, spore formation, vegetative propagation) Sexual reproduction in flowering plants (pollination, fertilization, seed formation) Sexual reproduction in humans (male and female reproductive systems) Menstrual cycle Fertilization and pregnancy Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) B. Growth and Development Stages of growth Growth curves Germination of seeds (types, conditions needed) Metamorphosis in insects C. Genetics and Heredity Mendel's Laws of Inheritance Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses Dominant and recessive traits Genotype and phenotype Sex determination and sex-linked inheritance Blood group inheritance (ABO system) Sickle cell trait Mutation (types, causes, effects) Variation (continuous and discontinuous) Application of genetics (plant and animal breeding) D. Evolution Evidence of evolution (fossil records, comparative anatomy, embryology) Theories of evolution (Lamarck, Darwin) Natural selection Adaptation (structural, physiological, behavioral) Adaptive coloration (camouflage, mimicry, warning coloration) SECTION 4: Organisms at Work A. Nutrition Modes of nutrition (autotrophic, heterotrophic, saprophytic, parasitic) Photosynthesis (process, factors affecting it, importance) Classes of food and their functions Balanced diet Food tests Human digestive system Digestive enzymes Dentition in mammals Nutrition in plants (mineral requirements, deficiency symptoms) B. Transport Transport in plants (xylem, phloem, transpiration) Transport in animals (circulatory system) Structure and function of the heart Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) Components of blood Blood groups and transfusion Lymphatic system C. Respiration Types of respiration (aerobic and anaerobic) Respiratory organs in different organisms Gaseous exchange in mammals, fish, and insects Breathing mechanism in mammals Respiratory diseases D. Excretion Excretory organs and products in different organisms Structure and function of the kidney Process of urine formation Excretion in plants E. Sense Organs and Coordination Structure and function of the eye Structure and function of the ear Nervous system (central and peripheral) Reflex arc and reflex actions Hormonal system (endocrine glands) Differences between nervous and hormonal coordination F. Support and Movement Types of skeleton Human skeletal system Types of joints Functions of the skeleton Support in plants Muscles and movement SECTION 5: Biology and Human Welfare A. Microorganisms and Disease Types of microorganisms Beneficial and harmful microorganisms Common diseases (malaria, cholera, typhoid, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis) Disease vectors Methods of disease prevention and control Immunity and immunization B. Biotechnology Genetic engineering Fermentation Applications of biotechnology in agriculture and medicine C. Conservation of Natural Resources Renewable and non-renewable resources Methods of conservation Environmental management Study Plan: How to Cover the Entire Syllabus If your exam is in June 2026, here's a suggested plan: If you have 4 weeks: WeekTopics to CoverWeek 1Cell Biology + Classification + GeneticsWeek 2Ecology + Nutrition + PhotosynthesisWeek 3Reproduction + Transport + Respiration + ExcretionWeek 4Past questions + Diagrams + Practical revision If you have 8+ weeks: WeekTopics to CoverWeek 1–2Cell Biology + ClassificationWeek 3–4Ecology + Pollution + ConservationWeek 5–6Nutrition + Transport + Respiration + ExcretionWeek 7–8Genetics + Reproduction + EvolutionWeek 9–10Sense Organs + Support + DiseaseWeek 11–12Full past question practice + Practical revision Free Video Lessons Covering the Full Syllabus At NaijaBiologyTips, our courses are structured to cover every topic in the WAEC Biology syllabus. Each topic includes: ✅ Clear video explanations ✅ Diagrams drawn and labeled step by step ✅ WAEC past questions on that topic (2000–2023) ✅ Practice questions with answers Our courses are organized by syllabus section so you never miss a topic. 👉 Explore all courses at NaijaBiologyTips.site Frequently Asked Questions About the WAEC Biology Syllabus Is the WAEC Biology syllabus the same every year? The syllabus is reviewed periodically, but the core topics remain largely the same. The 2026 syllabus is very similar to previous years. Do I need to study every topic in the syllabus? Ideally, yes. However, if you're short on time, prioritize the most repeated topics (see our article: 15 Most Repeated WAEC Biology Topics). Where can I download the official WAEC Biology syllabus PDF? You can download it from the official WAEC website. Is the WAEC Biology syllabus the same for Nigeria and Ghana? The syllabus is largely the same, but Paper 2 has country-specific sections. Nigerian students answer Section C questions. Share this syllabus guide with your classmates! Knowledge shared is knowledge multiplied. 📚 Need help? WhatsApp us: [08142105609]